Science Inventory

Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During the Canadian Wildfire Smoke Episodes — United States, April–August 2023

Citation:

McArdle, C., T. Dowling, K. Carey, J. DeVies, D. Johns, A. Gates, Z. Stein, K. van Santen, L. Radhakrishnan, A. Kite-Powell, K. Soetebier, J. Sacks, K. Sircar, K. Hartnett, AND M. Mirabelli. Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During the Canadian Wildfire Smoke Episodes — United States, April–August 2023. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, 72:926-932, (2023). https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7234a5

Impact/Purpose:

Examine the public health implications of the Canadian Wildfire Smoke episodes in the U.S. using CDCs syndromic surveillance system data.

Description:

During April 30–August 4, 2023, smoke originating from wildfires in Canada affected most of the contiguous United States. CDC used National Syndromic Surveillance Program data to assess numbers and percentages of asthma-associated emergency department (ED) visits on days with wildfire smoke, compared with days without wildfire smoke. Wildfire smoke days were defined as days when concentrations of particulate matter (particles generally ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) (PM2.5) triggered an Air Quality Index ≥101, corresponding to the air quality categorization, “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” Changes in asthma-associated ED visits were assessed across U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regions and by age. Overall, asthma-associated ED visits were 17% higher than expected during the 19 days with wildfire smoke that occurred during the study period; larger increases were observed in regions that experienced higher numbers of continuous wildfire smoke days and among persons aged 5–17 and 18–64 years. These results can help guide emergency response planning and public health communication strategies, especially in U.S. regions where wildfire smoke exposure was previously uncommon.